Bolt heading machine



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.v W. E. WARD.

BOLT HEADING MACHINE.

Pafiwznnenil Sept. 6, 1887..

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BOLT HEADING MACHINE.

Patented Sept. 6, 1887.

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(No Model.)

W. E. WARD. BOLT HEA'DINGMAGHINE.

No. 369,375. Patented Sept. 6, 1887.

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INVENTUFM WITNESSES.

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UNITED STATES PATENT @rricE.

WILLIAM E. WVARD, OF PORT CHESTER, NEW YORK.

BOLT-HEADING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 369,375, dated September 6, 1887.

Application filed February 9,1337. Serial No. 226,998.

To all whom, it 72mg; concern.-

Be it known that I, WILLIAM E. WARD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Port Chester, in the county of XVestchcster and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bolt Heading Machines; 'and I do hereby declare the following specification, taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings, forming a part of the same, to bee full, clear, and exact description thereof.

The first part of my invention, hereinafter described, has reference to a means for eliminating from the under side of the head of a bolt-blank the fins which are frequently formed opposite each other in the operation of swaging the head of the blank into shape while the shank thereof is held or gripped by a pair of separable dies, such as are commonly used in this class of machinery. The fins re fcrrcd to are formed by the compression of the metal, under the action of the heading-ram, into the small space which practically always exists between the meeting faces of the said gripping-dies.

Before my invention in machines for forming bolt-blanks from heated rods of metal devices have been employed for causing the rod of stock to be progressively rotated, in combination with swaging devices for operating upon the exterior of the head to forge it into a completed shape. In such previous machines the devices for rotating the rod of stock are uncertain in their action, depending, as they do, 'upon the mere frictional contact of the surfaces of the rotating devices with the surface of the rod of stock. Moreover, in such prior machines the rotating devices are required to be opened laterally in order to allow of the insertion and the feeding forward of the separated from each other when the rod of stock is to be introduced into the machine or is to be fed forward to furnish material for successive bolt-blanks, and the construction of such devices is such that they have a movement in. planes parallel with each other, and

(No model.)

are respectively formed with shoulders or salient portions which impinge upon the surface the rod, and, maintaining their position, compel the rod to rotate without the surface of the one sliding or slipping upon the surface of the other, analogous somewhat to the action of a pair of pinch-bars working opposite to each other. The action of these rotating devices upon the rod causes the rod to be axially turned such a distance as will bring the fins on the under side of the head of the boltblank into such a position with relation to the gripping-dies that at asubsequent closing of these dies and a subsequent advance of the heading-ram the said fins will be eliminated without creating any new fins. This portion of my invention is equally applicable to ma chines which make bolt-blanks from rods or work upon stock that has been cut to the proper length to form asingle blank. A prominent feature of this part of my invention resides in a combination in the machine whereby the frictional contact of the feeding-rollers or equivalent feeding devices for intermittingly feeding forward the rod of stock with such rod is relieved at the times when the devices for partially rotating the rod of stock are required to come into action.

The second part of my invention relates particularly to machines which form bolt-blanks from rods or coils of stock, and which are provided with cutting-oh devices to sever the headed blanks from such stock; and it consists in such an organization and arrangement of the parts as that the two members of the cutt-ing-off device shall always preserve the same lateral relation to each other under all the conditions required in the machine for the adjustment of the extent of movement of the headingram, the face of which constitutes one of the members of such cutting-off device.

My invention further consists in pivoting the ram so that it shall swing to and from the gripping-jaws in a vertical plane, providing the ram with one member of a shear for severing the bolt-blank from the rod of stock, and in giving to the ram up and down movements in a vertical plane to perform the severing operation. A machine having its ram arranged and operating in this manner is simpler than one in which the ram is arranged to ICO perform the upsetting operation by movements in a horizontal plane, and need not be so cumbersome.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a top view of a machine embodying the invention. Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section of the same on the line U U, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 represents a side view of a portion of the machine. Fig. 4 shows a side view of the cam for elevating the lower shear member or backing-rest. Fig. 5 represents a side view of the cam for producing the several forward movements of the heading-ram. Fig. 6 shows a side view of the cam for raising and lowering the heading-ram. Fig. 7 shows a side view of the cams for feeding the rod of bolt-stock, and for causing partial axial rotations of the same. of the machine on the line V V, Fig. 1. Fig. 9 shows an end view of the machine. Fig. 10 represents a portion of the machine in longitudinal section, the heading-ram being shown in its elevated position. Fig. 11 represents a transverse section of the machine on lineVV, looking toward the center of the machine, showing a face view of the heading-ram and the lower shear member which is arranged to slide thereon. Fig. 12 shows a horizontal section through the heading-ram and lower shear member on the line W W, Fig. 11. Fig. 13 represents, on an enlarged scale, a vertical section on line X X, Fig. 15, showing the means employed for partially rotating the rod of boltstock, the rod, as shown in said figure, being not engaged by said means. Fig. 14 shows a face view of the same mechanism (the covering-plate being removed) when the rod has been rotated a quarter-turn. Fig. 15 represents a vertical section on line Y Y, Fig. 14. Fig. 16 shows in perspective the rod of stock and the plates for engaging the rod to partially rotate it. Fig. 17 represents, on a still larger scale, a face view of a portion of these plates, the rod being disengaged. Figs. 18 and 19 show, respectively, a face view and a vertical section of the matrix or die for shaping the head of the bolt-blank. Fig. 20 represents a side view of one of the gripping-jaws and the headed rod fed forward against a gage or stop preparatory to severing the blank from the rod. Fig. 21 shows the rod projecting beyond the face of one of the gripping-jaws'after the blank has been severed and in readiness for the upsetting operation. Fig. 22 represents the blank which has been severed from the rod. Fig. 23 shows the matrix or die acting upon the rod to form a rudimentary bolthead thereon. Fig. 24 represents the rod having a rudimentary bolt-head fed forward prepara-. tory to the second upsetting operation. Fig. 25 shows the matrix or die acting upon the rod to complete the bolt-head. Fig. 26 shows, on a larger scale, a portion of the headed rod with the fins under the bolt-head Fig. 27 represents the same after the fins have been pressed down.

Fig. 8 represents a transverse section The mechanism by which the first part of my invention is carried out is as follows:

The machine selected for illustration in the drawings is one in which the heading-ram moves to perform its ofiice in the arc of a circle of considerable length of radius, as shown in Figs. 2 and 10. Referring to Fig. 2, a is the rod or stock from which the bolt-blanks are to be made. This rod is fed into the machine by feed-rolls 2, or by any other known feeding mechanism,and passes between a pair of grippingjaws, 3, having dies 4 located therein, as shown in Fig. 8, in which dies the rod is to be clamped when its end is to be acted upon by the vibrating ram 5.

As is usual in machines of this general character, the gripping-j aws are separable,in order to allow the rod of stock to be inserted and fed. The separation in the present instance is effected by a spring, 6, Fig. 8, placed between the jaws, and both jaws are made movable, in order the better to clear the rod when it is to be axially rotated, as hereinafter described. The jaws are moved toward each other,to cause the rod of stock to be clamped, by a cam, 7, Fig. 3, which acts upon a-lever, 8. This lever is secured upon one end of a rock-shaft, 9, Fig. 2, which extends transversely of the machine and has an arm, 10, secured thereto at the other end. The lever 8 and arm 10, respectively, work the toggles 11 and 12, Fig. 8, through the tappet-pins 13 and 14, and

said toggles move the gripping-jaws through the pins.15 and 16 in a well-known manner. As shown in Fig. 2, the ram 5 is pivoted at 17 near its foot, so as to swing to and from the dies 4,and is furnished near its upper end with a block containing a matrix or die, 18, (shown enlarged at Figs. 18 and 19,) for acting upon the end of the rod and giving shape to the bolt-head. The forward motion of the ram toward the dies 4 is produced by a cam, 20, Figs. 2 and 5, which acts upon the toggle 21,the said toggle moving the ram through the slide 22 and block 23. The ram is retracted by aspring, 24, Fig. 2.

The machine shown in the drawings is organized so that the rod of stock is upset twice to form the bolt-head,(the steps in the process being shown in Figs. 20 to 25, inclusive.) The feed'rolls advance the rod twice, and the ram is moved forward twice by the risers 25 and 26, respectively, on the cam 20, although it is to .be understood that the rod may be upset once only or more than twice to form a bolt-head thereon by a proper arrangement of cams to operate the feed-rolls and ram.

In machines where separable gripping-dies are employed to grip the rod and to act as an anvil upon which the upsetting operation is performed by the ram, fins 27 will be formed under the bolt-head 28, as shown in Figs. 25 and 26, by the compression of the metal into the small space which practically exists between the meeting faces of the dies, as hereinbefore stated. It is my design to eliminate ICC these fins, and for this purpose I cause the rod of bolt-stock, after the head has been fully formed thereon, to be freed from the clamp of the gripping-dies and feed-rolls to be turned axially, say, a quarter of a revolution, to be again clamped by the dies comparatively loosely, and to be again acted upon by the heading-ram to move the rod longitudinally in the dies and to press down and eliminate the fins upon'the faces of said dies as an anvil. The separation of the grippingjaws which carry the clamping-dies is effected by the spring 6 prior to the final clamping of the red, the contour of the cam 7 at 29, Fig. 3, allowing, and the final comparatively loose clamping of the rod is produced by the rise 30 on said cam. In order that the feed-rolls may he made to loose their hold upon the rod when it is to be turned, the upper roll is mounted to revolve upon a block, 31, Fig. 9, which block is pivoted at 32 to the frame of the machine so that it can swing in avertical plane. Except when the rod is to be turned, it is clamped in the feed-rolls by the pressure of a spring, 33, Figs. 1, 2, and 9,which bears upon the block 31 and forces the upper roll toward its fellow. The grip upon the red by these rolls is released by swinging the block 31 upwardly on its pivot 32, and this is accomplished by a cam-tooth, 34, located on the hub of the cam 7, Fig. This tooth at the proper time engages one end of the pivoted lever 35, the other end of which is linked to an arm, 36. This arm is secured to one end of a rockshaft, 37, upon the other 'end of which is mounted a short arm, 38, Fig. 9. Between this arm and the block 31 atappetpin, 39, extends, so that when the arm 38 is swung upwardly by the action of the cam-tooth 34 the block and the upper feed-roll will be raised, thereby releasing the rod. The rod having been released from the grip of the feed-rolls and dies, the next step is to give it a partial axial rotation to bring the fins into a new plane across the anvil-faces of the dies 4. When the usual squared section, 40, has been formed under the bolt-head, as shown in Figs. 25, 26, and 27, by proper cavities in the dies 4, the rod should be turned one-fourth of a' revolution, in order that such squared section may fit into the dies properly when they are subsequently closed; but if there be no squared section under the head, then the bolt-rod may be revolved, more or less, than a quarter-revolution. The means bywhich this partial revolution of the rod is effected are as follows:

Referring to Figs. 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17, 41 is a block in which there is a vertical groove, 42. In this groove are arranged two sliding plates or bars, 43 44, which are pivoted at their upper ends in an arm, 45. This arm is pivoted to cars 46, extending upwardly from the block, and at its outer end is pivotally con nected to a block, 47, through which a vertical rod, 48, passes, the rod being preferably adjustably secured in said block by a set-screw, 49. The outer faces of the lower ends of the plates 43 44 areengaged by a pair of rollers, 50 51, which are mounted on an arm, 52, pivoted to ears 53, projecting downwardly from the block 41. The inner faces of the plates43 44 have depressions 54 55, which, when said plates are in the position shown in Figs. 13 and 17, form an opening in alignment with the hole 56, passing through the block 41, as shown in Fig. 15, so as not to obstruct the feeding of the rod, and so said plates need not be moved apart laterally to allow the rod to be fed. The block 41, with the mechanism mounted thereon, is arranged immediately in front of the gripping-jaws 3, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Through the hole 56 in the block 41 the rod of stock passes on its way from the feed-rolls to the gripping-dies, the said hole being in axial alignment with the grooves in the dies. Beferring again to Fig. 17, it will be seen that the inner faces of the plates 43 44 are provided with flat depressed surfaces 57 5S, respectively, and that the junction of these surfaces with the depressions 54 55, respectively, form salient shoulders c c, which are preferably slightly rounded, so as not to indent the rod of stock when they take a grip upon the same, as hereinafter described. The distance between vertical plancs passing through the surfaces 57 58 is less than the diameter of the rod or of stock to be operated upon, so that when the plates 43 44 are slid in opposite directions, as indicated by the arrows, the rod will be rotated by the gripping action of the shoulders I; 0, provided the plates 43 44 are pressed to' ward each other with sufficient force, as here inafter explained. These shoulders or salient projections c 0 pinch or nip the rod of stock, and, keeping their hold thereon without slipping, operate like pinch-bars to compel the rod to commence its rotation, after which it would be easy to continue such movement by the frictional contact of the plain surfaces 57 and 53. The force by which the plates or bars 43 44 are pressed toward each other to cause them to grip the rod, ashercinbefore explained, is obtained by means of a spring, 59, Fig. 1, which bears upon the upper end of a tappetpin, (30, Figs. 13 and 14, the said pin passing down through the frame of the machine and resting upon the arm 52, thereby causing the rollers 50 5]. to keep the plates pressed toward each other.

The plates 43 44 are slid in vertical planes by vertical movements of the rod 48, the lower end of which is pivoted to one end of a rocking arm, 61, Figs. 2, 3, and 10. The upward movement of this rod is produced by a cam, 62, (shown in Fig. 7 and by dotted lines in Fig. 10,) which at the proper time engages the opposite end of the rocking arm 61, and

the downward movement of the rod to return the plates to normal position is produced by the cam 63, or may be accomplished by a weight or spring, as will be readily understood. In order that the mechanism for rotating the rod may be adapted to operate upon rods of different sizes, the hole 56 through the block 41 is preferably made in bushings 64 65, as shown in Fig. 15, and the depressions 54 57 and 58 upon the inner faces of the plates 43 44 are made in removable blocks 66 67, dovetailed into the respective plates, as shown in Fig. 17. The headed rod of stock having been rotated aquarter-turn by the means just described, the grippingjaws are made to close comparatively loosely upon the rod by the rise 30 on the cam 7. The heading-ram is now moved forward by the rise 68 on the cam 20, Figs. 2 and 5, and the fins upon the under side of the head of the bolt-blank are pressed down and eliminated, leaving said head as shown in Fig. 27. The fins having been removed from the under side of the head, the gripping-dies release their slight hold upon the rod, the plates 43 44 are returned to normal position by the cam 63, and the upper feed-roll descends to engage the rod. The feed-rolls now act to move the rod forward the requi red distance against a gage, 69, as shown in Figs. 10 and 20, preparatory to the bolt-blank being severed from the rod.

So far as I am aware no machine for making bolts from coils or rods of stock has heretoforehad in combination mechanism for gripping and feeding forward intermittingly the rod of stock, mechanism for partially rotating such stock after it has been fed forward and its end headed while the rod is held between dies, which usually form a square under the head, and mechanism for relaxing the grip of the feeding devices upon the rod of stock to permitthe rod-rotating mechanism to operate, so that any fin which has been formed upon the metal under the effect of the heading operation shall be eliminated from the under side of the head by the effect of another blow of the heading-ram. This is an important feature of my invention. In order to carry it out it is necessary that the feeding-rollers should be arranged so that they can be moved away from each other or be capable of yielding relatively to each other, in order to allow of the turning of the rod upon its axis.

While I have shown in my machine special devices for more certainly and effectively giving a partial rotation to the rod, it is apparent that a useful result would be obtained in case there were substituted in the combination above specified for the devices that I have shown for this purpose other rod-turning devices previously known, not possessing the improved characteristics of those employed by me, and therefore I wish it to be understood I include, broadly, the combination which results from the employment of feeding mechanism for a rod or coil of stock with mechanism for partially rotating such stock when the feeding devices are constructed or arranged substantially as hereinbefore described.

While I have chosen to illustrate the mechanism for rotating the rod axially as embodied in a machine in which the ram is pivoted at its foot, so as to swing in the arc of a circle of long radius, yet such mechanism may be combined with a common form of machine in which the ram lies and moves in a substantially horizontal plane, as shown in my United States Patents Nos. 252,914, 341,970, and 341,971. In combining the mechanism with such machines the block 41 would be located between the feed-rolls and grippingdies and the cam-shaft would be furnished with the necessary cams to operate the mechanism, as will be readily understood. The rod of stock having been fed forward against the gage 69, a portion, 70, of it, Figs. 20 and 21, is to be removed by severing the rod on the line Z Z, which produces a bolt-blank, 70, and leaves a portion, 71, of the rod projecting beyond the anvil-faces of the gripping-dies, in readiness to be upset.

The second part of my invention relates to the arrangement of the means for severing the rod, which will now be described.

In most machines of this general class the headed bolt-blank is cut to proper length from the rod of stock bya cutting-shear, one member of which is mounted upon the face of the ram, and formed in the lower edge of the block containing the matrix or die 18, as shown in Figs. 18 and 19. The other member of this shear has been a movable plate, which, when brought into position, acted as a rest or support to uphold the rod while the shear member upon the ram was moved downward to perform its office of severing the blank from the rod of stock. The two co-operating members of this cutting-off device were not located upon a base or support common to both, and therefore their lateral relation to each other was not a fixed one, but was determined by a change in the adjustment of the two relatively to each other whenever it became necessary to alter the amount of rod-stock fed beyond the faces of the gripping-dies by adjusting the ram farther from said dies to allow a greater amount of stock to be fed forward.

By my improvement both members of the cuttingoff device will always preserve the same lateral relation to each other, no matter what distance the ram may be adjusted'from the faces of the gripping-dies. This I accomplish by mounting the movable backing-rest or lower member of the shear to slide upon the ram, said ram also carrying on the face of its head the cutting member b, Figs. 11,18, and 19.

It has already been explained that the headpleted, the ram shall be lifted bodily upward to allow the rod of stock to be fed forward underneath the shear member I) and against the gage 69, and afterward to cause the ram to descend to its first or lowermost position, and, in conj unctionwith asliding back-rest or shear member, sever the blank from the rod.

IIO

To accomplish the vertical movements of the ram, the fulcrum-pin 17, upon which the ram vibrates as a center, passes through one arm of a bell-crank lever, 72, which is pivoted to the frame of the machine by a pin, 73, and has its other arm provided at its upper end with a roller, 74, Figs. 2 and 10, which roller travels in a groove, 75, in the face of a cam, 76, Figs. 2, 6, and 10. When the depression 77 of said cam acts upon said roller, the bellcrank lever 72-will be rocked upon its pivot, and the ram will be raised into the position shown in Fig. 10. When the rod has been fed forward against the gage, as shown in said figme, the ram is made to descend by the action of the rise 78 on the cam 76 until the lower end of the ram preferably rests upon the blocks 79 as supports during the vibratory movements of the ram which follow. During the descent of the ram the rod is severed by the cutting member b in cooperation with the other shear member or backing-rest d, the latter having been brought into a position to support the rod. As shown in the drawings, the member at of 2 5 the shear consists of a plate adj ustably secured to a frame or block, 80, which block is mounted to slide vertically upon a spline, e, secured to the ram, as shown in section at Fig. 12. The lower end of the block 80 is engaged by one member, 81, of a toggle, the other member, 82, of which is pivoted to the frame of the machine by a pin, 83. The lower end of the toggle member 82 is connected to one end of a rod, 84, which red, at its other end, is pivoted to one arm of a bell-crank lever, 85, Fig. 2. The other arm of this lever bears a roller, 86, which at the proper time is engaged by a cam, 87. At a proper time after the feeding of the headed rod has been commenced. the cam 87 acts upon the lever 85, which causes the toggle S1 82 to be straightened and the member (I to be slid upward into contact with the rod upon the under side to support the same when the shear member b engages the rod to sever the boltblank therefrom.

It is to be understood that the adjacent faces of the shear members I) and d are properly adjusted laterally with relation to each other to make a shear-cut. This adjustment once having been made is always correct, regardless of the distance the ram may be moved away from the gripping-dies, for the member (I is mounted upon the ram and partalzes of all its movements to and from said dies, the relative position of the adjacent faces of the shear members I) ('6 never changing during said movements. The blank having been severed from the rod, the shear member immediately slides downward by gravity or by the force of any properly-applied weight or spring, the contour of the cam 87 allowing, and the ram swings forward to perform the first upsetting operation for a new bolt-head.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1'. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of mechanism for gripping and feeding forward intermittingly a rod of bolt-stock, a heading-ram for upsetting the end of such rod of stock, mechanism for partially rotating such stock after it has been fed forward and the end thereof headed, and mechanism for relaxing the grip of the feeding devices upon the rod of stock to permit the rod-rotating mechanism to operate, substantially as herein specified.

2. In combination with a pair of jaws for holding a rod or piece of stock, a device for causing the partial rotation of the red when the jaws have relaxed their grip thereon, such device consisting of two confronting plates or bars having depressions which together form an aperture of greater size than the rod of stock, to allow of the free movement of the rod when fed forward, and provided with nipping- 8 5 shoulders, substantially as described, and arranged to slide in directions opposite to each other to bring the nipping-shoulders into engagement with the rod to rotate the same, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of a heading-ram, mechanism, substantially as described, for giving a rcciprocatory movement to the ram, ashearblade fixed on said ram, a fellow shear-blade sliding on the ram in a definite path relatively to the fixed blade, and mechanism, substantially as described, for moving said sliding shear-blade to position to serve also as a backrest for the bolt-rod while the same is being cut oil, substantially as herein set forth.

4. In a heading-machine, the combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, with jaws for gripping a rod of stock, of a ram pivoted to swing in the arc of a circle to and from said jaws for the purpose of upsetting the end of the rod, and provided with a pair of fellow shear-blades, one of which is fixed and the other movable thereon, and means, substantially as described, for giving the ram up and down movements in a vertical plane and for adjusting to position the movable shearblade.

W. E. WARD.

Witnesses:

SAMUEL OONELY, Enson SALISBURY Jones. 

